Journal
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 101-114Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300233
Keywords
Salvia officinalis; Essential oils; Principal component analysis (PCA); Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)
Funding
- Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia [173021]
- Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia [178-1191193-0212]
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To identify how many chemotypes of Salvia officinalis exist in Montenegro, the chemical composition of the essential oils of 12 wild-growing populations was determined by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. Among the 40 identified constituents, the most abundant were cis-thujone (16.98-40.35%), camphor (12.75-35.37%), 1,8-cineol (6.40-12.06%), trans-thujone (1.5-10.35%), camphene (2.26-9.97%), borneol (0.97-8.81%), viridiflorol (3.46-7.8%), limonene (1.8-6.47%), -pinene (1.59-5.46%), and -humulene (1.77-5.02%). The composition of the essential oils under study did not meet the ISO 9909 requirements, while the oils of populations P02-P04, P09, and P10 complied with the German Drug Codex. A few of the main essential-oil constituents appeared to be highly intercorrelated. Strong positive correlations were observed between -pinene and camphene, camphene and camphor, as well as between cis-thujone and trans-thujone. Strong negative correlations were evidenced between cis-thujone and -pinene, cis-thujone and champhene, cis-thujone and camphor, as well as between trans-thujone and camphene. Multivariate analyses allowed the grouping of the populations into three distinct chemotypes, i.e., Chemotype A, rich in total thujones, Chemotype B, with intermediate contents of thujones, -pinene, camphene, and camphor and high borneol contents, and Chemotype C, rich in camphor, camphene, and -pinene. The chemotypes did not significantly differ in the total essential-oil content and the cis/trans-thujone ratio.
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