Review on Portable Energy Systems: From Electrochemical Systems to Energy Harvesting

Portable energy systems supply electrical power at any location. The most wide-spread portable energy systems are electro-chemical energy storage systems, especially batteries. Batteries have a limited operating range and limited amount of stored energy; suitable replacements are energy converters like fuel cells, microturbines or energy harvesting technologies. This review gives an overview on all portable energy technologies from the point of view of process engineering, compares the technologies and discusses recent and future trends.