Journal
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
Volume 43, Issue 10, Pages 3595-3629Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60436e
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Funding
- Junior Faculty Award of the American Diabetes Association (ADA)
- NC TraCS [550KR51307]
- NIH's Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) at UNC-CH [1UL1TR001111]
- NC State Faculty Research and Professional Development Award
- BME Department of UNC-CH
- NCSU
- China Scholarship Council
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES [UL1TR001111] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Insulin is essential for type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetics to maintain blood glucose levels and prolong lives. The traditional administration requires frequent subcutaneous insulin injections that are associated with poor patient compliance, including pain, local tissue necrosis, infection, and nerve damage. Taking advantage of emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, numerous alternative strategies integrated with chemical approaches for insulin delivery have been investigated. This review outlines recent developments in the controlled delivery of insulin, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous and closed-loop insulin delivery. Perspectives from new materials, formulations and devices at the micro- or nano-scales are specifically surveyed. Advantages and limitations of current delivery methods, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
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