Combining synchrotron-based X-ray techniques with vibrational spectroscopies for the in situ study of heterogeneous catalysts: a view from a bridge

The advantages, challenges, and future possibilities for combining synchrotron-based X-ray techniques with vibrational spectroscopies are considered in this critical review. Particular emphasis is given to (1) quantifying structure and structural change-on a wide range of length scales-in working heterogeneous catalytic systems; (2) relating that change to chemical speciation occurring at the surface of the catalyst; and (3) determining how such change relates to the overall function of the catalyst material. We will consider those resources that exist today and suggest some possible future directions yet to be ventured into or demonstrated. Lastly, we will consider how the catalysis community interacts with, and uses the resources offered by, modern synchrotron radiation facilities and whether this current relationship provides the best and most inclusive means for the exploitation of these resources in this field of research (83 references).