Journal
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
Volume 24, Issue 2, Pages 238-245Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/tx100318m
Keywords
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Funding
- National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 96-2113-M-324-002-MY3, NSC 99-2811-M-324-003]
- Taipei Medical University [TMU99-AE1-B12]
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The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is considered to be an attractive target for the development of novel anticancer molecules. This paper reports for the first time that a small molecule, antrocin (MW = 234), from Antrodia camphorata was a potent antagonist in various cancer types, being highest in metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells (MMCs) with an IC50 value of 0.6 mu M. Antrocin was a superior antiproliferator in MMCs as compared with doxorubicin and cisplatin, prevents colony formation, and was nontoxic to nontumorgenic MCF10A and HS-68 cells. Antrocin induced dose-dependent apoptosis in MMCs and caused cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Antrocin also caused a time-dependent decrease in protein expression of anti-apoptotic Bd-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, and their mRNA, with concomitant increase in pro-apoptotic Bax and cytosolic cytochrome c. In a mechanistic study, antrocin suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream effectors mTOR, GSK-3 beta, and NF-kappa B. Furthermore, down-regulation of Akt by small interfering RNA prior to antrocin treatment resulted in enhanced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Thus, antrocin as an Akt/mTOR dual inhibitor has broad applicability in the development of a clinical trial candidate for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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