Journal
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
Volume 591, Issue -, Pages 161-165Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.11.021
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Funding
- OTKA K [83889]
- [TAMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0047]
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Titanate nanotubes were utilized in Ca2+ and Mg2+ removal in a continuous ion-exchange unit. Three consecutive water softening-regeneration cycles were performed. The highest measured value of the total ion-exchange capacity was 1.2 mmol g (1) which decreased to 0.66 mmol g (1) in the third cycle. The capacity loss was due to the irreversible binding of Ca2+ ions to very strong adsorption sites, while the Mg2+/Na+ exchange was reversible. A relatively fast initial adsorption step and a subsequent slower concentration decrease were the two processes that governed the kinetics of the ion exchange reaction. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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