High precision 87Sr/86Sr measurements by MC-ICP-MS, simultaneously solving for Kr interferences and mass-based fractionation

Sr isotope measurements by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) are complicated by Kr interferences at atomic masses 84 and 86. Particularly the interference on Sr-86 is problematic for Sr-87/Sr-86 measurements, since it is the normalizing stable isotope, and as such also used in the mass-based fractionation correction using Sr-86/Sr-88. Although on-peak baseline measurements can subtract an average Kr contribution, signal variations and errors within-run are propagated into the final error, and signal-to-noise ratios are lower than combined Sr + Kr signals. Alternatively, intensities of interference-free Kr-82 or Kr-83 isotopes can be monitored to correct the interfering Kr masses, although the errors for these signals are amplified and propagated into the Kr-86 and Kr-84 correction. Instead, our approach depends on the use of the most abundant Kr isotope (Kr-84) for correction, which can then be used to estimate interference by Kr-86 on Sr-86. This is accomplished by solving how much Kr is needed to explain the difference between I-84/I-88 and I-86/I-88 versus Sr-84/Sr-88 and Sr-86/Sr-88 (I-8x : signal intensity at mass 8x). A solution with the traditional isotope dilution equation would require off-line iteration to include an exponential mass fractionation correction. Instead, we formulate an online exponential correction of the Sr data without iterating, relying on a separate Kr correction that estimates Kr mass fractionation with either the linear law or a series expansion of the exponential law. Both methods advance MC-ICP-MS long-term Sr-87/Sr-86 precision for NIST SRM 987 to +/- 16 (*) 10(-6) or 22.5 ppm 2 sigma, outperforming an Kr-83-based correction and an on-peak baseline correction applied to the same raw data. Both our methods find identical results for USGS rock standards that agree with published (TIMS) values. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.