Journal
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
Volume 69, Issue -, Pages 52-56Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2013.02.003
Keywords
Heterogeneous catalyst; Hot spots; Thermal gradients; Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction; Microwave absorbers
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [B-23750247]
- Ministry of the Environment through the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (Rehabilitation Adoption Budget)
- Sophia University-wide Collaborative Research Fund
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25420820] Funding Source: KAKEN
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A problem with microwave-absorbing heterogeneous catalysts (MAHCs) in non-polar solvents is resolved with a novel approach that also uses an external heating bath in combination with microwave heating. In non-polar solvents, the microwave radiation dielectrically and selectively heats only the catalyst resulting in the frequent occurrence of hot spots under these conditions. However, such hot spots can be controlled through a combined (hybrid) internal/external heating methodology (MAHS). Moreover, high temperatures can be maintained with significant energy saving. The potential benefit of MAHS has been examined by carrying out the synthesis of 4-methylbiphenyl using the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction in toluene solvent in the presence of palladium catalytic particles supported on activated carbon particulates (Pd/AC). The hybrid internal/external heating method saved 65% of microwave energy and increased the chemical yield of 4-methylbiphenyl nearly twofold in comparison with a conventional microwave heating method. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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