Elemental sustainability: Towards the total recovery of scarce metals

Some modern so-called low carbon technologies are actually broadening concerns over future elemental sustainability for a wide range of elements. In order to address the rapid dispersion of metals, such as indium and silver, we need to be more innovative in recovery technologies that essentially turn a waste into a resource. A multi-disciplinary blend of chemistry, extractive metallurgy, engineering and biotechnology is required to realise this ambition. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.