An aqueous rechargeable lithium battery of high energy density based on coated Li metal and LiCoO2

Using a coated Li metal as an anode and LiCoO2 as a cathode, an aqueous rechargeable battery is built up, whose average discharge voltage is 3.70 V. This high voltage stability is due to the crossover'' effect of Li+ ions, which is different from the traditional ways of increasing overpotentials. The total energy density can be 465 W h kg(-1).