Osseointegration of endodontic endosseous cones - Zirconium oxide vs titanium

Objective. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the osseointegration of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) ceramic cones in comparison with that of titanium cones in apicectomy. Study design. To evaluate the bone/implant interface, 20 ZrO2 cones and 20 titanium cones were inserted into the mandibles of 4 Gottinger minipigs, During the 6-month healing period, intravital polychrome sequence marking was performed. Qualitative light microscopic, fluorescence microscopic, and quantitative histomorphometric assessment was carried out. Differences between continuous histomorphometric measures were tested through use of a 2-way analysis of variance. Results. Light microscopy revealed zones of direct bone contact with the ZrO2 and titanium surfaces. Fluorescence microscopy revealed remodeling processes directly adjacent to both material surfaces. There was no significant difference in the distances of the fluorescence bands of each fluorescence marker for either the ZrO2 surfaces or the titanium surfaces. Quantitatively and histomorphometrically, the mean ratio between the total cone/bone contact and the total cone/fibrous tissue contact was 0.95 (SD 1.10) on the titanium surface (n = 38) and 1.47 (SD 1.12) on the ZrO2 surface (n = 78; P = .02). Conclusions. The qualitative results show that the biocompatibility of ZrO2 was similar to that of titanium. The use of ZrO2 cones for sealing purposes in resected teeth after apicectomy appears to joe acceptable.