Journal
ANAIS DA ACADEMIA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIAS
Volume 72, Issue 3, Pages 353-364Publisher
ACAD BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIAS
DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37652000000300009
Keywords
short-term memory; long-term memory; hippocampus; PKA; PKC; MAPK
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Since William James (1890) first distinguished primary from secondary memory, equivalent to short- and lung term memory, respectively, it has been assumed that short-term memory processes are in charge of cognition while long-term memory is being consolidated. From those days a major question has been whether shortterm memory is merely a initial phase of long-term memory, or a separate phenomena. Recent experiments have shown that many treatments with specific molecular actions given into the hippocampus and related brain areas after one-trial avoidance learning can effectively cancel short-term memory without affecting long-term memory formation. This shows that short-term memory and long-term memory involve separate mechanisms and are independently processed. Other treatments, however, influence both memory types similarly, suggesting links between both at the receptor and at the post-receptor level, which should not be surprising as they both deal with nearly the same sensorimotor representations. This review examines recent advances in short and long-term memory mechanisms based on the effect of intra-hippocampal infusion of drugs acting upon neurotransmitter and signal transduction systems on both memory types.
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