Highly ordered transparent mesoporous TiO2 thin films: an attractive matrix for efficient immobilization and spectroelectrochemical characterization of cytochrome c

We demonstrate remarkably fast incorporation and high loading of cytochrome c within thin films of periodically ordered nano-crystalline TiO2 deposited on transparent electrodes. The immobilized cytochrome c is not denaturated and it can be reversibly reduced without mediator over the time scale of a few seconds as evidenced by spectroelectrochemistry.