Journal
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 483-489Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO LTD
DOI: 10.1053/euhj.1999.1944
Keywords
hypoxaemia; atrial R-to-L shunt; patent foramen ovale; percutaneous closure
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Background Hypoxaemia resulting from a right-to-left shunt occurs in patients with atrial septal defects and high pulmonary vascular resistance, but it is uncommon without pulmonary hypertension. Methods We report on 11 consecutive patients (age: 59-78 years) in whom a patent foramen ovale or a small atrial septal defect with normal right-sided pressures led to significant cyanosis with clinical symptoms. Six of them had associated platypnoea and orthodeoxia. The diagnosis was confirmed by contrast transoesophageal echocardiography showing an atrial right-to-left shunt. Results All but one were successfully treated by percutaneous closure of the inter-atrial defect. In one patient, delivery of the occluder failed due to kinking of the introducing sheath. Four complications were observed following the procedure: two supraventricular arrhythmias and a cerebrovascular accident, all resolved without sequelae; one patient died from a septic shock unrelated to the procedure. During follow-up (up to 30 months), no patient experienced any episode of desaturation due to inter-atrial shunting. Conclusion Cyanosis without pulmonary arterial hypertension in the adult should prompt the performance of contrast transoesophageal echocardiography to identify a possible atrial right-to-left shunt. Percutaneous closure of the defect allows efficient and rapid correction of the hypoxaemia and avoids the need for surgical closure. (C) 2000 The European Society of Cardiology.
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