Journal
HYPERTENSION
Volume 35, Issue 3, Pages 827-831Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.35.3.827
Keywords
sodium; insulin; hypertension, genetic; renin; aldosterone; glucose
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of salt intake on insulin sensitivity and the relation between salt sensitivity and insulin sensitivity in genetically hypertension-prone individuals. Twenty-eight healthy subjects (13 men and 15 women) with a family history of hypertension were examined at baseline, after 1 week of salt restriction (10 mmol/d), and after 1 week of salt loading (240 mmol/d). Insulin sensitivity was measured with the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp after the low- and high-salt diets. Salt sensitivity was;defined as the difference in mean arterial blood pressure between the high-salt and the low-salt diets. There was no significant relationship between insulin sensitivity and salt sensitivity after either of the 2 diets. In the men, salt sensitivity was inversely related to plasma renin activity (r = -0.61, P = 0.03) and plasma aldosterone (r = -0.74, P = 0.004), whereas salt sensitivity in women was directly correlated with the salt-induced increase in body weight (r = 0.68, P = 0.005). In men, the high-salt diet induced a change in glucose disposal that was strongly correlated with the degree of salt sensitivity (r = 0.83, P = 0.0004), plasma renin activity (r = -0.82, P = 0.0006), and plasma aldosterone concentrations (r = -0.87, P = 0.00009) (eg, the greater the salt sensitivity and the lower the activity of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, the greater improvement in insulin sensitivity). No such relationships were observed in women. In conclusion, increased salt sensitivity and decreased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system predict improved insulin sensitivity with high-salt intake compared with low-salt intake in men, suggesting an interaction among salt intake, salt sensitivity, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and insulin action.
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