Faceting and roughening transitions on copper single crystals in acid sulfate plating baths with chloride

Copper single-crystal surfaces were imaged by atomic farce microscopy during copper deposition in acid sulfate solution with and without chloride. The appearance of singular facets depends on chloride concentration and on applied potential. The roughening and faceting transitions observed as potential was varied and the stabilization of facets and terrace edges by chloride are analyzed in thermodynamic terms. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)08-021-0. All rights reserved.