Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 57, Issue 10, Pages 1399-1407Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/PL00000625
Keywords
immunology; immunosuppression; virus; infection
Categories
Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI39466, AI0948, AI36222] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI039466, R01AI036222] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Following infection, a virus must battle against the host's immune response. Viruses have developed many ways to escape immune surveillance and downregulate the host's immune response. Some viruses cause a generalized immunosuppression, thereby inhibiting or depressing the immune response towards themselves as well as towards unrelated pathogens. This review will focus on the mechanisms involved in the three main human viral infections causing immunosuppression: measles, human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus. We will also discuss what has been learned from the extensively studied mouse models of viral-induced immunosuppression: lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Rauscher leukemia virus. All of these viruses that induce generalized immunosuppression appear to do so by very similar mechanisms. They hinder antigen presentation to T cells and/or hematopoiesis. We will highlight the similarities in the viral targets as well as present evidence for alternate mechanisms.
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