Journal
MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 45, Issue 12, Pages 801-811Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01319.x
Keywords
cord factor; immunomodulation; interferon; mycolic acid; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; trehalose dimycolate; tumor necrosis factor
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Mycolic acids are characteristic fatty acids of Mycobacteria and are responsible for the wax-like consistence of these microorganisms. Decades of research revealed that mycolic acid-containing glycolipids, in particular trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM, cord factor) as their best-studied representative, exert a number of immunomodifying effects. They are able to stimulate innate, early adaptive and both Immoral and cellular adaptive immunity. Most functions can be associated with their ability to induce a wide range of chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, IL-8) and cytokines (e.g., IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10). This review,tries to link well-known properties of mycolic acid-containing glycolipids, e.g., stimulation of cellular and Immoral immunity, granuloma formation and anti-tumor activity, with recent findings in molecular immunology and to give an outlook on potential practical applications.
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