Journal
ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY
Volume 95, Issue 1, Pages 47-57Publisher
MANEY PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.1080/00034983.2001.11813614
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The ethanolic, dichloromethane and lyophilized aqueous extracts of Cassia occidentalis root bark, Morinda morindoides leaves and whole plants of Phyllanthus niruri were evaluated for their antimalarial activity in vivo, in 4-day, suppressive assays against Plasmodium berghei ANKA in mice. No toxic effect or mortality was observed in mice treated, orally, with any of the extracts as a single dose, of 500 mg/kg body weight, or as the same dose given twice weekly for 4 weeks (to give a total dose of 4 g/kg). No significant lesions were observed, by eye or during histopathological examinations, in the hearts, lungs, spleens, kidneys, livers, large intestines or brains of any mouse. At doses of 200 mg/kg, all the ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts produced significant chemosuppressions of parasitaemia (of > 60% for C. occidentalis root bark and Ph. niruri whole plant, and of 30% for M. morindoides leaves) when administered orally. The most active ethanolic extract, that of Ph. niruri, reduced parasitaemia by 73%. The dichloromethane extracts of M. morindoides and Ph. niruri produced similar reductions (74% and 72% chemosuppression, respectively), whereas that of C. occidentalis was slightly less active (60% chemosuppression). Each lyophilized aqueous extract was less active than the corresponding ethanolic extract.
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