Journal
AMINO ACIDS
Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 139-150Publisher
SPRINGER-VERLAG
DOI: 10.1007/s007260170021
Keywords
amino acids; Red Bull Energy Drink; caffeine; glucuronolactone; taurine; physical endurance; psychomotor performance
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The effects of Red Bull Energy Drink. which includes taurine, glucuronolactone, and caffeine amongst the ingredients, were examined over 3 studies in a total of 36 volunteers. Assessments included psychomotor performance (reaction time, concentration, memory), subjective alertness and physical endurance. When compared with control drinks. Red Bull Energy Drink significantly (P < 0.05) improved aerobic endurance (maintaining 65-75% max. heart rate) and anaerobic performance (maintaining max. speed) on cycle ergometers. Significant improvements in mental performance included choice reaction time, concentration (number cancellation) and memory (immediate recall), which reflected increased subjective alertness. These consistent and wide ranging improvements in performance are interpreted as reflecting the effects of the combination of ingredients.
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