Ruthenium and Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions

Over the last few decades, carbonylation reactions have been accepted as important chemical transformations for both academic and industrial research. Carboxylic acid derivatives are the main product of carbonylation and are widely used in organic synthesis and fine chemicals preparation. Carbonylation reactions can increase the carbon chain of parent molecules, while introducing a carbonyl group. Herein, the main developments on ruthenium- and rhodium-catalyzed carbonylation are summarized. Compared with palladium catalysts, ruthenium and rhodium catalyzed reactions are a powerful method for activating C?H bonds under mild and phosphine free conditions.