4.6 Review

Protein synthesis at synaptic sites on dendrites

Journal

ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 24, Issue -, Pages 299-325

Publisher

ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.299

Keywords

synaptic plasticity; long-term potentiation; gene expression; hippocampus

Categories

Funding

  1. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [P50MH049176] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  2. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R43NS037292] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  3. NIMH NIH HHS [MH49176] Funding Source: Medline
  4. NINDS NIH HHS [NS12333, NS37292] Funding Source: Medline

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Studies over the past 20 years have revealed that gene expression in neurons is carried out by a distributed network of translational machinery. One component of this network is localized in dendrites, where polyribosomes and associated membranous elements are positioned beneath synapses and translate a particular population of dendritic mRNAs. The localization of translation machinery and mRNAs at synapses endows individual synapses with the capability to independently control synaptic strength through the local synthesis of proteins. Tbe present review discusses recent studies linking synaptic plasticity to dendritic protein synthesis and mRNA trafficking and considers how these processes are regulated. We summarize recent information about how synaptic signaling is coupled to local translation and to the delivery of newly transcribed mRNAs to activated synaptic sites and how local translation may play a role in activity-dependent synaptic modification.

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