Journal
CHEMBIOCHEM
Volume 13, Issue 8, Pages 1184-1190Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200083
Keywords
cell-penetrating peptide; cellular oxygen sensing; histidine ligands; Ir-porphyrin complexes; phosphorescence quenching
Funding
- Science Foundation Ireland [07/IN.1/B1804]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P21192-N17]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P 21192] Funding Source: researchfish
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P21192] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [07/IN.1/B1804] Funding Source: Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
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IrIIIporphyrins are a relatively new group of phosphorescent dyes that have potential for oxygen sensing and labeling of biomolecules. The requirement of two axial ligands for the IrIII ion permits simple linkage of biomolecules by a one-step ligand-exchange reaction, for example, using precursor carbonyl chloride complexes and peptides containing histidine residue(s). Using this approach, we produced three complexes of IrIIIoctaethylporphyrin with cell-penetrating (Ir1 and Ir2) and tumor-targeting (Ir3) peptides and studied their photophysical properties. All of the complexes were stable and possessed bright, long-decay (unquenched lifetimes exceeding 45 mu s) phosphorescence at around 650 nm, with moderate sensitivity to oxygen. The Ir1 and Ir2 complexes showed positive staining of a number of mammalian cell types, thus demonstrating localization similar to endoplasmic reticulum and ATP- and temperature-independent intracellular accumulation (direct translocation mechanism). Their low photo- and cytotoxicity allows intracellular oxygen to be probed.
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