Importance of predator diet cues in responses of larval wood frogs to fish and invertebrate predators

We examined the effects of predator diet on the antipredator responses of larval woodfrogs (Rana sylvatica). We found that tadpoles showed stronger responses to fish (Perca flavescens) that were fed tadpoles than those fed invertebrates. Similarly, we found that tadpoles responded more strongly to larval dragonflies (Anax spp.) fed tadpoles than to dragonflies fed invertebrates. The overall intensity of response of tadpoles to fish was much stronger than that to dragonflies. Predator diet effects are not ubiquitous in predator-prey systems. We discuss possible reasons why predator diet effects are seen in some, but not all, predator-prey systems.