Ceramide: a new second messenger of cannabinoid action

Cannabinoids, the active components of Cannabis sativa (marijuana). and their endogenous counterparts exert their effects by binding to specific G(i/o)-protein-coupled receptors that modulate adenylyl cyclase, ion channels and extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Recent research has shown that the CB1 cannabinoid receptor is coupled to the generation of the lipid second messenger ceramide via two different pathways: sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and ceramide synthesis de nova, Ceramide in turn mediates cannabinoid-induced apoptosis, as shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. These findings provide a new perspective on how cannabinoids act, and raise exciting physiological and therapeutic questions.