Journal
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Volume 25, Issue 9, Pages 2683-2695Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu066
Keywords
development; GABA receptor; KCC2; prematurity; subplate; thalamocortical; white matter
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Funding
- National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [RO1 NS060765]
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Preterm birth impacts brain development and leads to chronic deficits including cognitive delay, behavioral problems, and epilepsy. Premature loss of the subplate, a transient subcortical layer that guides development of the cerebral cortex and axonal refinement, has been implicated in these neurological disorders. Subplate neurons influence postnatal upregulation of the potassium chloride co-transporter KCC2 and maturation of gamma-amino-butyric acid A receptor (GABA(A)R) subunits. We hypothesized that prenatal transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia (TSHI) in Sprague-Dawley rats that mimic brain injury from extreme prematurity in humans would cause premature subplate loss and affect cortical layer IV development. Further, we predicted that the neuroprotective agent erythropoietin (EPO) could attenuate the injury. Prenatal TSHI induced subplate neuronal loss via apoptosis. TSHI impaired cortical layer IV postnatal upregulation of KCC2 and GABA(A)R subunits, and postnatal EPO treatment mitigated the loss (n >= 8). To specifically address how subplate loss affects cortical development, we used in vitro mechanical subplate ablation in slice cultures (n >= 3) and found EPO treatment attenuates KCC2 loss. Together, these results show that subplate loss contributes to impaired cerebral development, and EPO treatment diminishes the damage. Limitation of premature subplate loss and the resultant impaired cortical development may minimize cerebral deficits suffered by extremely preterm infants.
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