Complete nucleotide sequence of Tulip virus X (TVX-J): the border between species and strains within the genus Potexvirus

The complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of Tulip virus X Japanese isolate (TVX-J) has been determined. The sequence is 6056 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(A) tail at the 3' terminus, and contains five open reading frames (ORFs) coding for proteins of M-r 153, 25, 12, 10, and 22 kDa (ORFs 1 through 5, respectively). The genome organization of TVX-J is similar to that of potexviruses, and the encoded proteins share a high degree of homology to the corresponding proteins of other potexviruses. Phylogenetic analyses based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein (the methyltransferase, helicase, and polymerase domains) encoded by ORF I and the capsid protein (CP) encoded by ORF5, revealed a close relationship of TVX-J to Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PIAMV). Pairwise comparison analyses revealed that the relationship between TVX and PIAMV is intermediate between that of strains and species, though previously they have not been considered related. Due to the relatively distant relationships of their replication apparatus and triple gene blocks, we conclude that TVX and PIAMV should be classified as distinct viruses. In addition, the borderline between species and strains of potexviruses is discussed.