Journal
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
Volume 108, Issue 11, Pages 1283-1298Publisher
SPRINGER WIEN
DOI: 10.1007/s007020100005
Keywords
basal ganglia; activation; positron emission tomography; Parkinson's disease; motor; dopamine; magnetic resonance imaging
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In this review, the insights that PET and MR activation studies have given us concerning the role of dopamine in motor control are reviewed. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes when normal subjects and Parkinson's disease patients perform simple finger movements, motor sequence learning, problem solving, and tasks financially rewarded according to success are compared. Additionally, dopamine release during rewarded and unrewarded actions, as reflected by relative levels of striatal binding of the reversible dopamine antagonist C-11-raclopride, are contrasted. It is argued that during unrewarded familiar actions tonic dopamine release in the basal ganglia acts to focus and filter cortical output so optimising the running of motor programmes. During motor learning, novel, and financially rewarded tasks additional dopamine is phasically released, acting to both alert the subject and to reinforce motor learning.
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