Urine analysis by laser Raman spectroscopy

Background and Objective: We examine the use of Raman spectroscopy to analyze components in human urine. Study Design/Methods and Meterials: Targeted urine components include urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Results: Urea concentration in urine is sufficiently high that normal Raman spectroscopy may be used for its analysis. All other components are in low concentrations requiring the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic methods (SERS). Conclusion: Both normal Raman and SERS approaches have been investigated for total urine-nitrogen determination, urine urea-nitrogen determination, and for the urea/ creatinine excretion ratio. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:330-334, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.