Journal
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Volume 20, Issue 11, Pages 2728-2738Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq019
Keywords
anterior temporal lobes; functional magnetic resonance imaging; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; semantic cognition; semantic dementia
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Funding
- Medical Research Council (MRC) [G0501632, G0300952]
- MRC [G0300952, G0501632] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0501632, G0300952] Funding Source: researchfish
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Although there is an emerging consensus that the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) are involved in semantic memory, it is currently unclear which specific parts of this region are implicated in semantic representation. Answers to this question are difficult to glean from the existing literature for 3 reasons: 1) lesions of relevant patient groups tend to encompass the whole ATL region; 2) while local effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are spatially more specific, only the lateral aspects of the ATL are available to stimulation; and 3) until recently, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were hindered by technical limitations such as signal distortion and dropout due to magnetic inhomogeneities and also, in some cases, by methodological factors, including a restricted field of view and the choice of baseline contrast for subtraction analysis. By utilizing the same semantic task across semantic dementia, rTMS, and distortion-corrected fMRI in normal participants, we directly compared the results across the 3 methods for the first time. The findings were highly convergent and indicated that crucial regions within the ATL for semantic representation include the anterior inferior temporal gyrus, anterior fusiform gyrus, and the anterior superior temporal sulcus.
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