Journal
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
Volume 69, Issue 2, Pages 95-112Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0013-7944(01)00082-0
Keywords
concrete fracture; damage; smeared cracking; localisation; cohesive-zone models; fracture energy; tension-softening; tension-stiffening; reinforcement
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Starting from the early ideas on smeared-crack modelling of quasi-brittle materials (concrete, rock) as pioneered in the late 1960s various refinements are discussed such as the shear retention factor, the tension-stiffening concept and the tension-softening concept. Next, smeared-crack models are put in the unified context of damage mechanics together with the multiple-smeared crack approach and the (closely) related microplane damage models. The concept of fracture energy is introduced for tensile and compressive loadings and is also elaborated for reinforced concrete. A concise summary is given of recent finite element concepts for cohesive-zone models (fracture energy models). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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