Journal
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
Volume 50, Issue 1, Pages 127-152Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5096(01)00021-7
Keywords
electromechanical process; non-linear constitutive behavior; ferroelectric material; hysteresis; ferroelectric switching
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In this paper, a general form for multi-axial constitutive laws for ferroelectric ceramics is constructed. The foundation of the theory is an assumed form for the Helmholtz free energy of the material. Switching surfaces and associated flow rules are postulated in a modified stress and electric field space such that a positive dissipation rate during switching is guaranteed, The resulting tangent moduli relating increments of stress and electric field to increments of strain and electric displacement are symmetric since changes in the linear elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the material are included in the switching surface. Finally, parameters of the model are determined for two uncoupled cases, namely non-remanent straining ferroelectrics and purely ferroelastic switching, and then for the fully coupled ferroelectric case. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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