Role of amino acids in plant responses to stresses

Plants subjected to stress show accumulation of proline and other amino acids. The role played by accumulated amino acids in plants varies from acting as osmolyte, regulation of ion transport, modulating stomatal opening, and detoxification of heavy metals. Amino acids also affect synthesis and activity of some enzymes, gene expression, and redox-homeostasis. These roles played by amino acids have been critically examined and reviewed.