Two-phase active contour method for semiautomatic segmentation of the heart and blood vessels from MRI images for 3D visualization

The paper presents an active-contour segmentation method for 2D structures in MR images. The method combines two approaches to active contour segmentation, known as balloons and snakes. This makes the method shape independent and accurate. New anti-tangling features were introduced to improve segmentation of very complex object shapes, e.g. the left ventricle with papillary muscles. The method was applied to segment all large structures in the cardiovascular system and its outcome was used for 3D visualization. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.