Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 46, Issue 8, Pages 1201-1210Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00285-5
Keywords
ice; snow; photochemistry; UV radiation; PBTs; polar regions; accumulation; distribution; cloud particles; atmosphere; interstellar; paleochemistry
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This review accounts for the current knowledge about the distribution, accumulation, and chemical/photochemical transformations of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds (PBTs) in water ice, especially in the connection with polar regions and atmospheric cloud particles. (Photo)reactions on/in ice are discussed in terms of photochemistry, photobiology, paleochemistry, as well as astrophysics. Authors propose a model, in which a significant amount of some PBTs are generated by (photo)chemistry of primary pollutants in ice, which may subsequently be released to the environment. It is argued that ice photochemistry might play an important role in the chemical transformations in cold ecosystems and in the upper atmosphere, particularly now when the ozone layer is partially depleted. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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