Journal
CELLULOSE
Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 3913-3925Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10570-014-0409-x
Keywords
Rheology; Nanofibrillated cellulose; Modeling
Funding
- Effnet program in the Finnish Forest Cluster Ltd
- EU framework 7 program SUNPAP
- Academy of Finland through the COMP center of excellence
- International Doctoral Programme in Bioproducts Technology (PaPSaT) [140268]
- Graduate School in Chemical Engineering (GSCE)
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We conduct rheological characterization of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) suspensions, a highly non-Newtonian complex fluid, at several concentrations. Special care is taken to cope with the prevalent problems of time scale issues, wall depletion and confinement effects. We do this by combining the wide-gap vane geometry, extremely long measurement times, and modeling. We take into account the wide-gap related stress heterogeneity by extending upon mainstream methods and apply a gap correction. Furthermore, we rationalize the experimental data through a simple viscous structural model. With these tools we find that, owing to the small size of the particles subjected to Brownian motion, the NFC suspensions exhibit a critical shear rate, where the flow curve experiences a turning point. This makes the steady state of these suspensions at low shear rates non-unique. To optimize various mixing and pumping applications, such history dependent tendency of NFC suspensions to shear band needs to be taken into account.
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