Journal
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
Volume 36, Issue 2, Pages 307-314Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00334-X
Keywords
atmospheric particulate matter; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; mutagenicity; Sao Paulo City
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in airborne particles (PM [0) collected in an urban site of Sao Paulo City, Brazil. Samples were Soxhlet extracted sequentially with dichloromethane and acetone, followed by solid phase fractionation. Increasing polar fractions (A-K) of dichloromethane and acetone extracts were obtained. Fractionated extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Salmonella microsuspension bioassay. Sixteen PAH compounds were quantified in dichloromethane B and C fractions, nevertheless the D and E fractions presented higher mutagenic activities. Concentrations of the individual PAHs ranged from 0.8 ng m(-3) (perylene) to 12.8 ng m(-3) (benzofluranthene), reaching a total concentration of 95.5ng m(-3). BaP/BgP and Pyr/BaP ratios indicated the presence of vehicular emissions and BghiP/Ind and Chr/BeP ratios suggested a contribution of wood combustion emissions. Further investigation is still necessary for a better understanding of the PAH sources in the urban atmosphere of Sao Paulo City. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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