Ultracold dipolar gases - a challenge for experiments and theory

We present a review of recent results concerning the physics of ultracold trapped dipolar gases. In particular, we discuss the Bose-Einstein condensation for dipolar Bose gases and the BCS transition for dipolar Fermi gases. In both cases we stress the dominant role of the trap geometry in determining the properties of the system. We present also results concerning bosonic dipolar gases in optical lattices and the possibility of obtaining a variety of different quantum phases in such a case. Finally. we analyze various possible routes towards achieving ultracold dipolar gases.