Review of the doping of carbon nanotubes (multiwalled and single-walled)

Carbon nanotubes can be doped either by electron donors or electron acceptors. After reaction with host materials, the dopants are intercalated in the intershell spaces of the multiwalled nanotubes, and in the case of single-walled nanotubes either in between the individual tubes or inside the tubes. The reaction of intercalation can be carried out in the vapour or liquid phase, and electrochemically. A review of carbon nanotube doping is presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.