Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 282, Issue 1, Pages G6-G15Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00328.2001
Keywords
tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin 1; nuclear factor-kappa B; lipopolysaccharide; macrophage
Categories
Funding
- NIAAA NIH HHS [AA-11975] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM [R01AA011975, R56AA011975] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Activation of Kupffer cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical step in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Kupffer cells isolated from rats fed ethanol in their diet for 4 wk accumulated 4.3-fold more tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in response to LPS compared with pair-fed rats. In contrast, LPS-stimulated interleukin (IL)-1 accumulation was 50% lower after ethanol feeding. LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha mRNA accumulation was twofold higher after ethanol feeding, whereas IL-1 beta mRNA accumulation was blunted. To understand the mechanisms for this differential response, we investigated the effects of ethanol on LPS-dependent signal transduction. Chronic ethanol feeding increased LPS-stimulated extracellular receptor-activated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation. Activation of ERK1/2 was required for maximal increases in TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA and was associated with increased binding of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) to the TNF-alpha promoter after ethanol feeding. In contrast, ethanol feeding completely abrogated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB DNA-binding activity by LPS and had no effect on AP-1 binding. Together, these data suggest that enhanced activation of ERK1/2 and Egr-1 contributes to increased TNF-alpha production after chronic ethanol feeding.
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