Journal
CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 994-1007Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01102.x
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI42806, R01 AI053194, F32 AI054056] Funding Source: Medline
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Type III secreted (T3SS) effectors are important virulence factors in acute infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PA103, a well-studied human lung isolate, encodes and secretes two effectors, ExoU and ExoT. ExoU is a potent cytotoxin that causes necrotic cell death. In addition, PA103 can induce cell death in macrophages in an ExoU-independent but T3SS-dependent manner. We now demonstrate that ExoT is both necessary and sufficient to cause apoptosis in HeLa cells and that it activates the mitochondrial/cytochrome c-dependent apoptotic pathway. We further show that ExoT induction of cell death is primarily dependent on its ADP ribosyltransferase domain activity. Our data also indicate that the T3SS apparatus can cause necrotic cell death, which is effectively blocked by ExoT, suggesting that P. aeruginosa may have evolved strategies to prevent T3SS-induced necrosis.
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