Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 71, Issue 16, Pages 3027-3047Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1582-7
Keywords
TPX2; Cytoskeleton; Mitosis; Spindle; Cell cycle; DNA damage; Cancers
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- Alberta Innovates-Health Solutions (AIHS)
- Austrian Academy of Sciences at the University of Calgary
- University of Calgary
- Alberta Cancer Foundation
- AIHS
- Ted Fong/Hotchkiss Brain Institute doctoral scholarship at the University of Calgary
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For more than 15 years, TPX2 has been studied as a factor critical for mitosis and spindle assembly. These functions of TPX2 are attributed to its Ran-regulated microtubule-associated protein properties and to its control of the Aurora A kinase. Overexpressed in cancers, TPX2 is being established as marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of malignancies. During interphase, TPX2 resides preferentially in the nucleus where its function had remained elusive until recently. The latest finding that TPX2 plays a role in amplification of the DNA damage response, combined with the characterization of TPX2 knockout mice, open new perspectives to understand the biology of this protein. This review provides an historic overview of the discovery of TPX2 and summarizes its cytoskeletal and signaling roles with relevance to cancer therapies. Finally, the review aims to reconcile discrepancies between the experimental and pathological effects of TPX2 overexpression and advances new roles for compartmentalized TPX2.
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