Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 71, Issue 24, Pages 4763-4780Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1701-5
Keywords
Evolution of immunity; Nonclassical MHC class I; Xenopus; iV alpha 6T; Invariant T cells; XNC; MAIT; iNKT; Comparative immunology; Innate T cells; Tadpole; Viral immunity
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Funding
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID) [R24-AI-059830]
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1456213] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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TCR-mediated specific recognition of antigenic peptides in the context of classical MHC molecules is a cornerstone of adaptive immunity of jawed vertebrate. Ancillary to these interactions, the T cell repertoire also includes unconventional T cells that recognize endogenous and/or exogenous antigens in a classical MHC-unrestricted manner. Among these, the mammalian nonclassical MHC class I-restricted invariant T cell (iT) subsets, such as iNKT and MAIT cells, are now believed to be integral to immune response initiation as well as in orchestrating subsequent adaptive immunity. Until recently the evolutionary origins of these cells were unknown. Here we review our current understanding of a nonclassical MHC class I-restricted iT cell population in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Parallels with the mammalian iNKT and MAIT cells underline the crucial biological roles of these evolutionarily ancient immune subsets.
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