Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 71, Issue 7, Pages 1315-1326Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1455-5
Keywords
Celiac disease antibodies; Endothelial cells; Transglutaminase 2; Integrins; Adhesion; Polarization
Categories
Funding
- Academy of Finland
- Tampere Graduate Program in Biomedicine and Biotechnology
- Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- Research Fund of the Finnish Coeliac Society
- Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere University Hospital [9P020, 9P033]
- Pediatric Research Foundation, Elna Kaarina Savolainen's fund
- European Commission IAPP grant TRANSCOM [PIA-GA-2010-251506]
- [OTKA K101788]
- [NK105046]
- [TAMOP 4.2.2.11/1/KONV-2012-0023]
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We have recently found that celiac disease patient serum-derived autoantibodies targeted against transglutaminase 2 interfere with several steps of angiogenesis, including endothelial sprouting and migration, though the mechanism involved remained to be fully characterized. This study now investigated the processes underlying the antiangiogenic effects exerted by celiac disease patient antibodies on endothelial cells, with particular regard to the adhesion, migration, and polarization signaling pathway. We observed that celiac IgA reduced endothelial cell numbers by affecting adhesion without increasing apoptosis. Endothelial cells in the presence of celiac IgA showed weak attachment, a high susceptibility to detach from fibronectin, and a disorganized extracellular matrix due to a reduction of protein cross-links. Furthermore, celiac patient IgA led to secretion of active transglutaminase 2 from endothelial cells into the culture supernatants. Additionally, cell surface transglutaminase 2 mediated integrin clustering in the presence of celiac IgA was coupled to augmented expression of beta 1-integrin. We also observed that celiac patient IgA-treated endothelial cells had migratory defects and a less polarized phenotype when compared to control groups, and this was associated with the RhoA signaling pathway. These biological effects mediated by celiac IgA on endothelial cells were partially influenced but not completely abolished by R281, an irreversible extracellular transglutaminase 2 enzymatic activity inhibitor. Taken together, our results imply that celiac patient IgA antibodies disturb the extracellular protein cross-linking function of transglutaminase 2, thus altering cell-extracellular matrix interactions and thereby affecting endothelial cell adhesion, polarization, and motility.
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