Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 71, Issue 8, Pages 1383-1394Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1499-6
Keywords
Sex chromosomes; Sex determination; Dosage compensation; Dosage-sensitive genes; Parental antagonism model; RNAseq data
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Funding
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-12-BSV7-0002]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-12-BSV7-0002] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
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Ohno's hypothesis states that dosage compensation in mammals evolved in two steps: a twofold hyperactivation of the X chromosome in both sexes to compensate for gene losses on the Y chromosome, and silencing of one X (X-chromosome inactivation, XCI) in females to restore optimal dosage. Recent tests of this hypothesis have returned contradictory results. In this review, we explain this ongoing controversy and argue that a novel view on dosage compensation evolution in mammals is starting to emerge. Ohno's hypothesis may be true for a few, dosage-sensitive genes only. If so few genes are compensated, then why has XCI evolved as a chromosome-wide mechanism? This and several other questions raised by the new data in mammals are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.
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