Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 69, Issue 15, Pages 2559-2572Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0941-5
Keywords
Germ cells; Meiosis; Sex chromosomes; DNA damage response; Checkpoint; Epigenetics
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Funding
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- March of Dimes Foundation
- NIH [GM098605]
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Sex chromosome inactivation in male germ cells is a paradigm of epigenetic programming during sexual reproduction. Recent progress has revealed the underlying mechanisms of sex chromosome inactivation in male meiosis. The trigger of chromosome-wide silencing is activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, which is centered on the mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), a binding partner of phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma H2AX). This DDR pathway shares features with the somatic DDR pathway recognizing DNA replication stress in the S phase. Additionally, it is likely to be distinct from the DDR pathway that recognizes meiosis-specific double-strand breaks. This review article extensively discusses the underlying mechanism of sex chromosome inactivation.
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