Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 68, Issue 18, Pages 3081-3093Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0608-z
Keywords
Physiological electric field; Cell polarization; Golgi polarization; Directional cell migration; Wound healing
Categories
Funding
- NIH [1R01EY 019101]
- Wellcome Trust [058551, 068012]
- California Institute of Regenerative Medicine [RB1-01417]
- NSF [MCB-0951199]
- Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc.
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0951199] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience [0951199] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Endogenous electrical fields (EFs) at corneal and skin wounds send a powerful signal that directs cell migration during wound healing. This signal therefore may serve as a fundamental regulator directing cell polarization and migration. Very little is known of the intracellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate EF-induced cell polarization and migration. Here, we report that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells show robust directional polarization and migration in a physiological EF (0.3-1 V/cm) in both dissociated cell culture and monolayer culture. An EF of 0.6 V/cm completely abolished cell migration into wounds in monolayer culture. An EF of higher strength (a parts per thousand yen1 V/cm) is an overriding guidance cue for cell migration. Application of EF induced quick phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3 beta) which reached a peak as early as 3 min in an EF. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) significantly reduced EF-induced directedness of cell migration initially (in 1-2 h). Inhibition of GSK-3 beta completely abolished EF-induced GA polarization and significantly inhibited the directional cell migration, but at a later time (2-3 h in an EF). Those results suggest that GSK-3 beta is essential for physiological EF-induced Golgi apparatus (GA) polarization and optimal electrotactic cell migration.
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