Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 68, Issue 3, Pages 369-395Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0580-7
Keywords
HLA-G; Polymorphism; Regulation; Evolution; Transplantation; Tumor; Autoimmunity; Chronic viral infections; Primate evolution; MHC-G
Categories
Funding
- CAPES/Brazil-COFECUB/France [653/09]
- Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique (CEA), France
- Spanish Ministry of Health [FISS PI051039, PI080838]
- Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs [A/9134/07, A/17727/08]
- Mutua Madrilena Automovilista grants
- FAPESP/Brazil [07/58420-4]
- Fonds de La Recherche en Sante du Quebec, Canada
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The HLA-G gene displays several peculiarities that are distinct from those of classical HLA class I genes. The unique structure of the HLA-G molecule permits a restricted peptide presentation and allows the modulation of the cells of the immune system. Although polymorphic sites may potentially influence all biological functions of HLA-G, those present at the promoter and 3' untranslated regions have been particularly studied in experimental and pathological conditions. The relatively low polymorphism observed in the MHC-G coding region both in humans and apes may represent a strong selective pressure for invariance, whereas, in regulatory regions several lines of evidence support the role of balancing selection. Since HLA-G has immunomodulatory properties, the understanding of gene regulation and the role of polymorphic sites on gene function may permit an individualized approach for the future use of HLA-G for therapeutic purposes.
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