Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 66, Issue 17, Pages 2789-2804Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0029-z
Keywords
Bam complex; beta-barrel proteins; Gram-negative bacteria; Mitochondria; Omp85; Outer membrane; TOB complex; TOM complex
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Funding
- United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 446-A30, RA1028/ 2-1]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
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Membrane-embedded beta-barrel proteins span the membrane via multiple amphipathic beta-strands arranged in a cylindrical shape. These proteins are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. This situation is thought to reflect the evolutionary origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from Gram-negative bacterial endosymbionts. beta-barrel proteins fulfil a variety of functions; among them are pore-forming proteins that allow the flux of metabolites across the membrane by passive diffusion, active transporters of siderophores, enzymes, structural proteins, and proteins that mediate protein translocation across or insertion into membranes. The biogenesis process of these proteins combines evolutionary conservation of the central elements with some noticeable differences in signals and machineries. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the functions and biogenesis of this special family of proteins.
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