Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 67, Issue 7, Pages 1077-1088Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0234-9
Keywords
alpha-Helical membrane proteins; Translocons; Bacteriocins; Chaperones; Tail-anchored proteins
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Funding
- University of Texas at San Antonio Collaborative Research Seed Grant Program [G12 RR013646, R21 DC010071]
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Polytopic alpha-helical membrane proteins cannot spontaneously insert into lipid bilayers without assistance from polytopic alpha-helical membrane proteins that already reside in the membrane. This raises the question of how these proteins evolved. Our current knowledge of the insertion of alpha-helices into natural and model membranes is reviewed with the goal of gaining insight into the evolution of membrane proteins. Topics include: translocon-dependent membrane protein insertion, antibiotic peptides and proteins, in vitro insertion of membrane proteins, chaperone-mediated insertion of transmembrane helices, and C-terminal tail-anchored (TA) proteins. Analysis of the E. coli genome reveals several predicted C-terminal TA proteins that may be descendents of proteins involved in pre-cellular membrane protein insertion. Mechanisms of pre-translocon polytopic alpha-helical membrane protein insertion are discussed.
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